Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Private Promoter in Charge Person An individual. Birth Date 1811-05-23 Birthplace Malaga, Spain Death Date 1883-01-21 Training Institution University of Granada Occupation Private Promoter Politician Biographical Text D. José de Salamanca e Mayol was born on May 23, 1811, in Malaga, Spain. He was the son of a renowned Spanish doctor and married Petronila Livermore Salas, the daughter of a British tradesman. He became famous for being an important politician and businessman, especially in the railways sector. He graduated in Law at the University of Granada. As a politician, his early life was marked by the struggle against absolutism and the fight in favour of liberal ideals. He was one of the conspirators in the José María de Torrijos y Uriarte affair, count of Torrijos, to overthrow Fernando VII. However, the coup failed and Salamanca and Mayol, unlike many of the other conspirators and José María de Torrijos y Uriarte himself, managed to escape and go into exile at the age of twenty. In the following years he became actively involved in Spanish politics. He participated in the uprising against the Count of Tereno, was a member of the Revolutionary Junta of Seville and, shortly afterwards, travelled to the capital to exercise the functions of deputy for Malaga and of municipal judge. After an interregnum, in 1847 Salamanca Y Mayol returned to political life, having been appointed Minister of Finance, a position he held for a short time. The coup d'état carried out at that time forced him to go into exile until 1849. Two decades later, during the Revolutionary Sexennium, he was initially an Afonsine deputy, later becoming one of the opposition senators. Finally, in the first courts of the Bourbon Restoration, he was elected deputy by Albacete, and, later, senator by the Province of Leão. <br /><br />During his life he harmonized politics and business as a symbiosis, serving as a strategy for social growth. As a businessman, he collaborated with bankers Buschental and Heredia, subsequently founding the Bank of Isabella II in 1844 and the Bank de Cadiz in 1846, he carried out operations on the London Stock Exchange for the profit of the Spanish treasury and explored the salt flats in Spain, an activity that gave him a lot of wealth. In 1844 his interest in the railways was shown for the first time. Salamanca asked the Spanish government authorization to build a railroad between Madrid and Aranjuez, an important town mainly to the members of the Spanish court, being the Royal Palace of Aranjuez the summer residence of the royal family. With ease, he obtained the support of Queen Isabella II, beginning the works on May 4, 1846. While he occupied the above-mentioned position of Minister of Finance, a coup made him take refuge in Baiona, returning to Madrid only in 1849. He resumed work on the railway from Madrid to Aranjuez, which ended on February 8, 1851, was involved in the construction of rail links throughout Spain and in the construction of the Mediterranean Line, having consequently contributed to the construction of the rail link between Spain and France. <br /><br />After several years of affirming his position in the railways business, Salamanca Y Mayol started this activity in Portugal. In April 1859 he signed a provisional contract with the Portuguese Government, which in September became definitive, in order to finish the so-called Eastern Line, which connected Lisbon to Badajoz, and the Northern Line, which connected the capital to the city of Porto. Salamanca Y Mayol created, for the purpose of exploring the lines, the “Companhia Real dos Caminhos de Ferro Portugueses”, leaving its direction to D. Eusébio Page, and installed it in the Palmela Palace, in Lisbon. A period of stagnation that marked the beginning of the History of Railways in Portugal ended with Salamanca Y Mayol. In addition to managing the construction and operation of the Northern and Eastern Lines in Portugal, he continued to invest in railways in Spain and France, being, since the beginning of his activity in this sector, the main operator of the lines he built. Still in Portugal, Salamanca Y Mayol was one of the responsibles for the foundation of the “Entroncamento” settlement, a central location to the Eastern and Northern Lines, and for the construction of the Douro River bridge. Regarding the latter, the government intended to finish the Northern Line in Devesas, Vila Nova de Gaia, however Salamanca Y Mayol insisted on the construction of a bridge that could bring the end of the line to Campanhã. Having managed to approve the crossing, on 5 November 1877, the train arrived in the city of Porto. <br /><br />Already in the final period of his life, a crisis in the Railways business, years after he dismissed D. Eusébio Page from the Company due to a defeat in a litigation with the Portuguese government, and in the real estate business, particularly in a neighbourhood that he was building in the Boa Vista district in Madrid, left Salamanca Y Mayol quite impoverished, putting an end to the period of his life when he was considered one of the richest men in 19th century Spain. D. José de Salamanca Y Mayol died in the district of Vista Alegre, in Madrid, on the 21st of January 1883, at the age of 72. During his life he accumulated the titles of Marquis of Salamanca and Count de Llanos, and the degree of “Grande de España”. He was, until the day of his death, administrator of the “Companhia Real dos Caminhos de Ferros Portugueses”. Bibliography LEAL, C. (1954). As Grandes Figuras no Caminho de Ferro em Portugal. <em>Gazeta dos Caminhos de Ferro</em>, Nº1598, pp. 197-200. LORCA, P. (2020). José de Salamanca y Mayol. In <em>Real Academia de la Historia</em>, [online]. Available at: http://dbe.rah.es/biografias/6036/jose-de-salamanca-y-mayol [Accessed 13 July 2020]. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource José de Salamanca Y Mayol Profile Subject The topic of the resource Individual Actors, Entrepreneur, Private Promoter, José de Salamanca Y Mayol Description An account of the resource José de Salamanca Y Mayol Profile Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource PT BUILDS Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Gazeta dos Caminhos de Ferro Real Academia de la Historia Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available PT BUILDS Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020-07-13 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource PT BUILDS Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource TEXT Language A language of the resource ENG Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context IA85DOC1 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1811-1883, Spain