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              <text>André Coyne was born on February 10, 1891, in Paris. He was a French engineer of roads, bridges and, above all, dams, having designed about 70 dams in 14 countries. Born from a music-related family, he studied at Janson-de-Sailly High School, where he showed great skill in drawing and practicing the violin. In 1911 he joined the École Polytechnique. However, in October 1913, he joined the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées, a French civil engineering public body, continuing his studies at the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées. In 1914 Coyne was finally an engineer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;André Coyne was appointed second lieutenant in the 5th Régiment du Genie. It was in this unit that he stayed at the beginning of World War I, in August 1914. In May 1917, at his request, he was assigned as a pilot on the eastern front, in the aviation detachment of the French Army of the East, more specifically in the Danube Army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Returned from the war, the engineer dedicated himself to the design of several infrastructures, namely bridges and dams. In 1928 he decided to leave the Corps des Ponts et Chaussées and join the power company Energie Electrique de la Haute Dordogne to become the engineer in charge of the Marèges dam construction project. This dam, in Liginiac, built between 1929 and 1935, allowed Coyne to apply the arch dam technique with the use of vaults, and debut it in France, designing the largest double-curvature vault dam of the time and introducing also the ski jumping spillway. Coyne also invented acoustic monitoring procedures and the structure anchoring technique using pretensioned steel ties. He retired from civil service in 1947 to establish an engineering consulting firm. Thus, he founded his own office of consultants and engineering studies with Jean Bellier, ACJB, a name formed with the initials of both and still active. The company developed specific measuring tools and innovative calculation and modeling techniques and is the author of the study of over 200 dams worldwide. His own are the dams of Eagle, Malpasset, Migouélou, Roselend, Salamonde, Kariba, Santa Luzia, New Sale, Bode Castle, Saint-Etienne-Cantalès, Grandval, L'Aigle, Bort-les-Orgues and Chastaing and the Montjean and Albert Louppe bridges, the construction of which he supervised in 1920. He left other renowned works such as the Port of Brest in France.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was recognized as the undisputed expert in the field and was invited to lecture on large dams at the École des Ponts et Chaussées. He received national recognition in 1935 when he was appointed head of the Department of Large Dam Engineering and international recognition in 1945 when he became chairman of the International Committee of Large Dams, a post he held until 1952. In addition, in 1953 he was awarded the Grand Prix d'Architecture for his work designing and building dams. André Coyne died on July 21, 1960, aged 69, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, after being deeply affected by the Malpasset dam rupture on December 2, 1959.</text>
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              <text>"Coyne et Bellier, Uma História de Grandes Projetos de Engenharia" (2016). In&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Tractebel,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;[online]. Available at: https://tractebel-engie.com.br/pt/noticia/2016/coyne-et-bellier-uma-historia-de-grandes-projetos-de-engenharia [Accessed 13 Nov. 2019].</text>
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              <text>António Madeira Segadães Tavares was born in Luau, Angola, on December 3, 1944. He is an important civil engineer of Angolan and Portuguese nationality, defending a functional engineering unavoidably related to architecture. At 16 he came to study in Portugal. He enrolled in electrical engineering at the Instituto Superior Técnico in 1961. However, he changed course and city, first to Coimbra and then to Porto, where he finally concluded his degree in civil engineering in 1968 at the Faculdade de Engenharia of the Universidade do Porto. As the best student of his year, he received the Engenheiro António de Almeida Foundation Award and was invited by Ferreira Borges to be an assistant at the Instituto Superior Técnico, where he remained until 1973, responsible for the Materials Resistance and Applied Elasticity and Plasticity chairs. He collaborated with the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, between 1969 and 1975, which got him publication of his book Análise Matricial de Estruturas, in 1972.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His arrival in the metropolis made him not indifferent to the associative movement against the dictatorship, getting involved in the strikes of 1962, when the academic mourning was decreed. He would again be associated with the fight against the dictatorship when he returned to Angola. He was a supporter of the MPLA and, in Luanda, he became a teacher at the Faculty of Engineering of Luanda, Regent of Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete and Applied Elasticity between 1974 and 1975. An assault on his home in October 1975 made to return immediately to Portugal. Upon his arrival, he began teaching at Universidade Nova de Lisboa and, since 1999, has is a Professor at the Department of Civil Engineering at the Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. As an engineer, he held various positions after April 25th revolution, such as director of the Department of Studies and Projects of Teixeira Duarte SA from 1976 to 1980, technical director of Triede Lda. between 1980 and 1986, and director of Segadães Tavares &amp;amp; Associados, a studies and projects office which he founded in 1986. He was responsible for several emblematic works in Portugal, namely the award winning project for the extension of the runway at the Madeira Airport, the pavilion of the Portuguese, the Belém Cultural Center, the Vasco da Gama Center, the Le Méridien Hotel in Lisbon, the headquarters of Montepio Geral, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Lisbon, the reconstruction of the Chiado burned area, the reinforcement of the Rossio tunnel in Lisbon and the Banco de Portugal building in Évora. Also, in Angola his presence is notorious, having been behind the Karl Marx Institute, currently the Medium Institute of Economics, the Cidadela Stadium and the headquarters of Banco Espírito Santo Angola. António Segadães Tavares also works as a consultant abroad besides Angola, namely in the U.S., Gibraltar, Mozambique and Venezuela.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2000 Jorge Sampaio awarded him the Medal of Grand Officer of the Ordem de Mérito and in 2006 he awarded him the Medal of Grand Officer of the Order of Infante D. Henrique. In 2004, he was the first Portuguese to win the Outstanding Structure Award (OStrA), the engineering nobel, for the expansion of Madeira Airport, awarded by the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE). Also with this construction work, he received the Secil Award in 2001 and the Leca Award in 1998. In April 2012 the Universidade Nova de Lisboa awarded him the Honoris causa PhD. He is an advisory member of the Ordem dos Engenheiros, specialist in structures, an institution he represented on the Higher Council of Public Works from 1983 to 1986 and in which he chaired the Southern Engineering Specialization Commission between 1989 and 1992. He is also a member of FIB (International Federation of Concrete), GPBE (Portuguese Group of Structural Concrete), IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering), ACI (American Concrete Institute), APEE (Portuguese Association of Structural Engineering), the ISSMFE (International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering) and the Portuguese Geotechnical Society.</text>
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              <text>Edgar Cardoso was born on May 11, 1913, in Porto. He was the fifth son of Francisco Victor Cardoso, infantry officer, civil and mining engineer and Road Director of the “Junta Autónoma das Estradas”, and Amelia Teixeira de Mesquita Cardoso. He married Margarida Congeol in 1941, with whom he had no children. He was a well-known Portuguese civil engineer, named “father of bridges” and recognized as a pioneer in experimental design methods and in the analysis of reduced structural models, applied mainly to the bridges he designed during much of the twentieth century. He grew up between Porto, Viseu and Lisbon, having finished high school in Porto, at Alexandre Herculano High School. He then entered the "Faculdade de Engenharia" of "Universidade do Porto", attending the courses of Civil Engineering and Electrical Engineering and graduating the first in 1937, with 17 values.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1935 he began his professional career, performing an internship in the silting study of the Port of Leixões. He contacted with some renowned engineers, namely Engineer Gervásio Leite, Technical Director of the Ports of Douro and Leixões. In 1936 he did an internship in the Bragança section of the “Junta Autónoma das Estradas” and in 1937 he attended another internship in the Bridges Division of the same board. It would be in this same institution that Edgar Cardoso would develop much of his professional activity until 1951, and it was at “Junta Autónoma das Estradas” that he was appointed 2nd Class Engineer in 1944 and 1st Class Engineer in 1951. However, he also created an individual studio in 1944, at the time designated “Laboratório de Ensaio e Estudo de Estruturas e Fundações Engenheiro Edgar Cardoso”, conducting studies for the Lisbon City Council and the Zêzere and Cávado Hydroelectric. In 1992 the studio became a society.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He's recognized by several projects in Portugal including the Lisbon-Estoril highway, specially the revision of the Duarte Pacheco Viaduct calculations, the first bridge over the Tagus, where he made preliminary studies, the Ponte da Foz do Sousa in 1948, with the largest gap in the country at the time, the Vila Franca de Xira viaduct on the “Autoestrada do Norte” in 1958, the Arrábida Bridge between 1957 and 1963, with the largest prestressed concrete arch of the time in the world, the São Fins Road Bridge in 1963, the Santa Clara Bridge in Coimbra, the Mosteirô Bridge in 1972, the Figueira da Foz Bridge in 1982, the first Portuguese riser bridge, the Barco D'Alva Bridge, the Vila Real de Santo Antonio and Ayamonte International Bridge, the reconversion of the D. Luís Bridge in Porto, the widening and rehabilitation of the D. Luís Bridge in Santarém between 1956 and 1964 and the São João Bridge in Porto in 1991. He designed hundreds of bridges scattered between Portugal, Angola, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guinea, India, Macau, Mozambique, Nigeria, Timor and Venezuela. From these countries it stands out the Cachi River Road Bridge in Costa Rica, the Corubal and Cacheu Bridges in Guinea, the Quanza, Dande, Longa, Cunune and Quéve Road Bridges and the Mozamedes Railroad Bridge in Angola, the suspension bridges over the Zambezi and Save in Mozambique, the Boane Bridge in Goa and the Macau-Taipa Bridge in Macau. However, his activity extended to the projection of bridges, and his mark can be found in the supports of the Eduardo VII Park Mall, in the resistant structures of the Cineteatro Império and Padrão dos Descobrimentos, in the constructions of the Avis and Shereton hotels, in the project of the José Alvalade Stadium flap, in the project of the first expansion of Funchal Airport and in the Entrecampos railway viaduct, between the Republic and Cinco de Outubro avenues. From the theoretical point of view, he developed the experimental sizing path and the photography and projection system, patented by the engineer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1951 he became Full Professor at the Instituto Superior Técnico, governing the chair of Bridges and Special Structures, between 1951 and 1974, interrupting the activity during the period of the 25th of April Revolution, returning at the request of the President of the Republic, Ramalho Eanes, in 1979 and retiring definitely in 1983. He intervened as a jury in assessing the works of bridges and viaducts of the “Autopistas de Barcelona” in 1969 and in discussing the road and rail crossing of the Italian Strait of Messina in 1974. He was a member of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, where he wrote and published more than fifteen Memoirs and Bulletins. He was a member of the Councils for Public Works and Transport, Overseas Development, the Technical Council of Industry and the Technical Regulation Committees. He was also chairman of the Study Committee on the Reorganization of Building Ceramics at the Ministry of Economy. He was distinguished as Grand Officer of the Order of Santiago da Espada for the projection of the Arrábida Bridge, and as Officer of the Order of Christ for the design and direction of the works of art of the Lisbon-National Stadium highway. He was awarded the degree of honorary researcher of the “Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil”. He won the first Manuel Rocha research award in 1982 and the Aboim Sande Lemos award in 1989. He received gold medals from the people of Mozambique and the cities of Porto and Figueira da Foz. He also received the honorary doctorate in Architecture and Civil Engineering by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. Since the beginning of his career, he published articles in magazines such as IST “Técnica”, “Revista da Faculdade de Engenharia”, “Boletim da Ordem dos Engenheiros” and “Memórias e Boletins da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa”. Edgar Cardoso died on July 5, 2000.</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="6897">
                <text>1913-2000, Portugal</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
    <tagContainer>
      <tag tagId="30">
        <name>Item under construction - more information soon</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
